Deepfakes pose growing risks to privacy, democracy, and national security. This primer explores global regulatory responses to deepfake harms, comparing how jurisdictions define, criminalize, and govern the misuse of AI-manipulated content.

“AI privilege” is an emerging legal concept that seeks to protect confidential communications between humans and artificial intelligence systems from disclosure in court. Much like attorney–client privilege, it aims to create a legal safeguard for private interactions with AI tools.

Despite the range of legal safeguards already in place, piracy in India continues to grow at an alarming rate. If left unaddressed, piracy is projected to grow to 158 million users by 2029, pushing cumulative losses up to USD 2.4 billion. The following analysis explores the structural and operational shortfalls within existing legal mechanisms and examines where targeted interventions may be required.

This primer examines AI washing, its various forms, and detrimental effects on genuine innovation and public trust, while mapping the existing regulatory frameworks in India and globally that aim to combat misleading AI claims.

This Primer examines the provisions related to child safety and protection under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. It explores the legal basis for processing children's data while focusing on the framework's exemptions, consent mechanisms, and implications for online safety.

The newly introduced Income Tax Bill, 2025 (New IT Bill) enables tax authorities to access virtual digital space—such as emails, social media accounts, and online financial platforms—when there is suspicion of tax evasion or when an individual is believed to hold undisclosed income or property and denies access to relevant information.

The taxonomy of AI-related crimes is classified into two key categories: ‘AI as a Tool’ for crimes and ‘AI as a Target’ of crimes. This classification helps understand the dual roles AI plays in cybersecurity—both as an enabler of crime and a vulnerable entity itself.

As AI technologies advance, global discussions on AI safety have led to the creation of AISIs—dedicated hubs for research, policy guidance, and risk mitigation. Learn about their key functions, international collaboration efforts, and how they contribute to building trustworthy and secure AI systems.

On May 30, 2024, the RBI introduced a self-regulatory framework for the Fintech sector, enabling Fintech entities to form and join Self-Regulatory Organisations (SROs). Aimed at enhancing compliance and standardization, this framework highlights the RBI's approach to governing innovation in India’s financial landscape.