Conversational AI is becoming an always-available, emotionally responsive interface—especially in India, where mental health gaps and high digital adoption drive use in sensitive contexts. This publication maps the landscape, highlights trust and safety risks, and reviews India, EU, and US regulation.

India’s DPDP Rules, 2025 move data protection from principle to enforcement, operationalising the DPDP Act, 2023 via an 18-month phased rollout. The Rules set up the Data Protection Board, consent systems, and obligations. This IGAP brief explains key changes and impacts.

Deepfakes and AI-generated misinformation are eroding trust and enabling fraud online. India’s proposed amendments to the IT Rules, 2021 would regulate “synthetically generated information” via platform definitions, labels and due diligence. IGAP assesses feasibility and offers risk-based fixes now.

While digital access enables learning, creativity, and connection, it also exposes children to exploitation, harmful content, and psychological risk. These risks extend beyond criminalized harms. This IGAP study charts a coordinated path for child safety and also highlights emerging harms which affect the largest number of children, but receive the least systematic response.

Explore the key recommendations aimed to address biometric safeguards, lawful and transparent blocking, safer public Wi-Fi, measurable 4G/5G rollout, action on the gender device gap, and better coordination on deep tech.

Is India ready for the AI era in national security? Our report breaks down the key challenges and recommendations shaping the country’s future

Key recommendations for strengthening India’s AI governance framework, focusing on regulatory clarity, innovation, and risk mitigation. Aligning with global best practices, the report emphasises transparency, responsibility, and harm minimization to drive ethical AI development.

Explore insights on India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and Draft Rules, 2025. Learn how MeitY’s consultative initiatives aim to balance privacy rights and data fiduciaries’ needs for a robust digital framework.

This report examines India's data breach trends, fiduciary behavior, and compliance gaps under the DPDP Act, 2023, featuring case studies and insights to enhance privacy and security standards.

The 2021 IT Rules require significant social media intermediaries (SSMIs) to publish monthly compliance reports on content moderation. This report evaluates their adherence, noting inconsistencies in transparency and suggesting modifications to improve it.

The transitioning from the light-touch IT Act framework to the DPDP Act will require significant adjustments on the part of online gaming companies.

The Indian gaming sector continues to grow at a rapid rate and has surpassed 400 million gamers and thousands of games. The young demographic profile of consumers of gaming in the country warrants a robust framework that ensures overall consumer interest.